5^th World Holistic Nursing Conference June 10-11, 2019 Helsinki, Finland

It involves the nursing of patients who suffer from coronary artery disease or congestive heart failure or the patients who are recovering from angioplasty or bypass surgery. The nurses of this field treat and care for patients with various type of heart diseases or conditions. The cardiac nurses work closely with the cardiologist and perform stress test evaluations on a regular basis. They also monitor the hearts of patients and administer heart medications. The cardiac nurses work in different units such as Coronary care units, Operating theatres, clinical research, cardiac medical wards, etc. The nurses working in cardiology must possess specialized skills in electrogram monitoring, medication administration by continuous intravenous drip and defibrillation. Cardiac nurses are traditionally employed in hospital cardiology units, cardiovascular interventional units, and cardiothoracic surgical units, the need for cardiac nurses in diagnostic, rehabilitative, and long-term care settings is also on the rise. 

The nurses of rehabilitation centres assist individuals with disability to adapt an altered lifestyle and provides therapeutic environment to them and for their family’s development. These nurses possess specialized knowledge and clinical skills to provide care to clients and coordinates educational, nursing care activities and holistic approach. The rehabilitation staff nurse works in inpatient and outpatient settings that are found in a range of acute to subacute rehabilitation facilities. The rehabilitation staff nurses have various responsibilities like facilitating community education regarding acceptance of people with disabilities. These nurses acts as a resource and a role model for nursing staff and students. They also participates in activities like nursing committees and professional organizations that promote the improvement of nursing care and the advancement of professional rehabilitation nursing.Rehab nurses may be staff nurses or advanced practice nurses (clinical nurse specialists or nurse practitioners), who sub-specialize in rehabilitative care under a primary patient population focus.

Telenursing and is also called telehealth or telenursing. This type of nursing is gaining popularity due to the demand for greater access and convenience in health care. The advancement in technology has led to the interaction of nurses with patients who reside in remote areas. In Telenursing, telemedicine or telehealth technology is used to deliver nursing care and conduct nursing practice. Now, patients can easily access their health care providers through video conferencing, instant messaging, email and other forms of technology. The major benefit of this nursing is its cost-effectiveness. Other benefits associated with telemedicine are quality care, flexibility, reduce distance, save travel time and help to solve increase shortage of nurses. Telehealth encompasses a wide range of applications, including teleconsultations, telediagnosis, telepharmacy, e-health via the Web, telephone triage/telephone advice, tele-emergency support, disease management, and telehomecare. 

Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses (PMHN) are those that examine, assess, educate, and support patients, but do not counsel them. Such nurses possess psychiatric specialty and donot provide any medication. PMHNs help the patients in their fragile time and help them to improve their life. They also make patients calm, help them to cope and build a therapeutic, meaningful relationship. The nurses need to keep balance while dealing with the patients who suffer from mental health. They have to show compassion and humanity. Psychiatric nurses have to focus on the objectives as the professional caregiver and serve the therapeutic needs of the patient.

Disaster Nursing mainly deals with the adaptation of professional knowledge, attitude and skills of a nurse that helps in recognizing and meeting the health and emotional needs of disaster victims. The goal of disaster nurses is to achieve the best possible level of health for the people and the community involved in the disaster. Other goals of disaster nurses are to identify potential for next disaster, meet the basic survival needs of population in an area who are affected by a sudden calamity and promote highest achievable quality of life for survivors. Many a times, nurses have to travel to the place where calamity occurred and help those people in the crisis. Nurses have to work in less-than-ideal conditions like have to live in pop-up tents. They also have to face all the stress that come with crisis care.

The nurses in oncology possess cancer-specific knowledge base and clinical expertise in cancer care apart from basic nursing program. The oncology nurses need to have RN license to become oncology certified. Caring for cancer patients is a physically, mentally and emotionally demanding job. The nurses caring for cancer patients not only keep track of numerous details throughout the day but also catches medication errors, prevent falls and know instinctively that when a patient needs immediate attention. Oncology nurses also forms relationship with the patients’ family and learns about their life and family. They even provide compassion and keep their patients calm amidst difficult situation.

Gerontological Nursing deals with the the nursing of older adults, their families and communities so as to support aging and maximum quality of life. Geriatric nursing has replaced the term gerontological nursing in 1970s and meet the needs of aging population. Geriatric nurses need to have specialized skills in patient care, treatment planning, education, mental health and rehabilitation. They become advocates, counsellors and educators for their patients. Nursing homes are established to provide 24/7 care to older adults. Gerontological nurses works in various acute care hospitals, rehabilitation, nursing homes, assisted living facilities, retirement homes, community health agencies and the patient’s home.  

Orthopaedic nurses provide improved quality of life to the patients who suffer from musculoskeletal injury. There are many issues related orthopaedics like hospitalization for replacement of joint or loss of bone density. Since, the healing process of such patients is very long and painful. Therefore, orthopaedic nurses manage their day-to-day tasks with minimal pain. Such nurses dedicate their nursing career in improving the lives of those people who suffers from both acute injuries and chronic conditions. The orthopaedic physicians only provide painkillers or prescribe a therapy regimen but it’s the main task of nurses to understand the needs of patients and heal their pain.

Nursing education involves the practical training of nurses so as to prepare them for their duties as nursing care professionals. Nursing education is also provided in the specialized areas like pediatric nursing, mental health nursing, etc. Experienced nurses provide education to the nursing students. Nursing research is an evidence-based area of practice where nurses works as researchers in universities as well as in health care settings. Nursing research provides evidence to support nursing practices.

Women health and midwifery nursing deals with the nursing of women who needs primary care during the child bearing years or their reproductive years. Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner provides prenatal, birth and postpartum care for women and their healthy newborns. These nurses also provide medical specialists and some primary care services for women from menarche to menopause. The Nurse-Midwifery program was established by Georgetown University School of Nursing & Health Studies in the year 1972. This program includes innovative Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner program. It provides opportunity to the students to study the health of women and midwifery practice through a strong academic program which includes advanced courses in pathophysiology, pharmacology, and health assessment.

Pediatric Nursing is the care of new borns and children up to juvenility. Pediatric nurses have to directly execute procedures and medicines to children according to prescribed nursing care plans. These type of nurses need to be specialized in handling stressful situations by having fast mobility and quick response towards them. They need to quickly diagnose the conditions and provide solution on the spot. Pediatric nurses must be particular in handling multifaceted trauma or illness cases with calmness. The goal of Pediatric nurses is to foster the maximum growth and development and normalise the life of child during hospitalisation in preparation for the family home, school and community.

Efficient management skills are required by nurses so as to provide care to patients. Training for behaviour management skills is given to nurse assisstants which is integrated with formal staff management system. Supervision is needed in order to maintain these skills and facilitate performance on nursing units. Nurses have to be knowledgeable about the caring issues as well as the issues realted to health. Nurses need to develop practical policies and become health legislators. The leadership skills of nurses can enhance the quality of patients’care. Decision making, analyzing, control, and budgeting are the managerial roles played by nurse leaders. The political ideology of health care system and policy-making process will shape nursing leadership.

Health is the chief concept for nursing. Epistemological, logical, pragmatical, and linguistical  are the 4 principles which are used to figure out the level of maturity of health concepts. It is found that the health concept in nursing is immature and additional concept development and clarification are needed. The health need to be defined in a consistent manner with its philopshical presuppositions by nursing authorities. The health needs to be measurable, experimental based and capture the results which are sensitive to the nursing interventions. Moreover, the practice implications for the concept of health need to be conceptualized which would be possible if the nurses have consensus regarding the definition of health.

In order to boost up the revenue and reduce the costs, Big data and Analytics are providing various insights to healthcare organizations. The analytics combine the traditional reporting data with web-based and unstructured extra-enterprise data so as to help payers from becoming the victim of medical fraud. Transformative changes have occurred in healthcare because of the roles played by nurses, their education and the respect they have earned. Social and disease-type demographics of change amomg citizens has also led to the advancement in health care. Many changes are needed in healthcare in order to meet the needs of people suffering from chronic diseases like cancer, Type 2 diabetes, stroke, etc

\r\n  Nursing care plan is for patients who have diabetes. Diabetes is where the body is unable to control blood sugar levels due to either the body not being able to produce enough insulin or because the body is resistant to insulin. A normal blood sugar level ranges between 70-150.Anything below 70 is considered hypoglycaemia and anything above 150 is considered hyperglycaemia. In this care plan we will be talking about hyperglycaemia. In patients who have a high blood sugar the classic three P’s will present such as polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Uncontrolled diabetes is mostly common caused by patient knowledge deficient of not knowing how to manage their diabetes properly. Many patients lack the knowledge about diet regimes, how to give insulin properly, sliding scale dosages, common signs and symptoms of high blood sugar, dosing insulin when sick, and how insulin works.

Occupational health deals with all aspects of health and safety in the workplace and has a strong focus on primary prevention of hazards. The health of the workers has several determinants, including risk factors at the workplace leading to cancers, accidents, musculoskeletal diseases, respiratory diseases, hearing loss, circulatory diseases, stress-related disorders and communicable diseases and others